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EMBRYOLOGY OF THYROID

It is important to understand the development of the thyroid in the embryo, because it can produce some anomalies in this development that can lead to problems such as thyroid or ectopic thyroid Lingual (misplaced) that are not understood unless we know the principle .

All glands come from the ectoderm, this is what is the surface or “skin” of the embryo. The ectoderm is all that is somehow in contact with the outside, but is within the body. It’s easy, the gastrointestinal tract is a continuation of the skin in the mouth becomes oral mucosa, esophageal mucosa, gastric mucosa, etc. but they are mucous and ectoderm. The alimentary canal is formed by an “invagination” of the skin is beginning on the mouth.
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The thyroid is an endocrine gland, located in the neck below the cricoid cartilage, “Adam’s apple, butterfly-shaped with two lobes, one on each side, united by a central area called the isthmus. Sometimes, on the isthmus, there is an upper extension which is the pyramidal lobe

The glands are cell clusters that secrete substances that may be dumped outside (exocrine glands) or directly to one’s own blood (endocrine glands). The breast produces milk and is an exocrine gland and salivary glands and lacrimal glands and sweat glands are too. The adrenal glands, the pancreas, the pituitary gland, thyroid are endocrine glands and the secretions, the hormones go directly into the blood. The Endocrinology study only the endocrine glands.

The thyroid produces a hormone compounds that have a unique feature in the body and its composition is that the iodine enters. And this is a very important, because if the body has no iodine, the thyroid can not produce hormones. We can live with a limited number of elements, we can live without nickel, cadmium and without many other things, but we can not live without iodine.

Thyroid hormones are slight modifications of the same basic compound, thyroxine, serve multiple functions, but collectively and in a simplistic manner we can say these are the hormones that keep the “rules” engine of the body. When there is excess production of thyroid hormones the body is “fast” when there is a shortfall in production of the body is “low speed.”